Study Guide for the Final Exam – PSY 441 (Spring 2008)

You should understand and be able to define and identify by example:

Independent variable

Dependent variable

Confounding variable

Within-subjects/Between-subjects designs

Sum of squares

Mean squares

Partitioning variability (“component deviations”)

Degrees of freedom

Probability distribution of F (e.g., why is expected value 1 if null is true?)

Type I error (alpha)

Type II error (beta)

Power (1 - beta)

Factors that affect power and how they influence level of power

Effect size (d, h², w²)

Omega squared

Main effects

Interaction effects

Factorial Designs:

- effects tested

- how variance terms are partitioned

- description/interpretation of an interaction

- simple effects

Developmental Designs:

- advantages, disadvantages of each

Within-Subjects Designs:

- advantages & disadvantages

- counterbalancing; - Latin Square - cyclic and diagram-balanced

- how subjects are treated in the analysis

- how this design reduces error

- assumptions of repeated measures ANOVA

Mixed Designs:

- definition

- differences in error terms for different effects tested

ANCOVA:

- definition

- properties of good covariates

- how ANCOVA reduces error

- assumptions

Power Analysis

- given some values (means, F, df, MS, etc.) calculate an effect size (d, h², w²)

- using charts in K&W to determine the sample size for a given ES, power & alpha

You should also be able to conduct analyses using SPSS (including typing in data) and interpret SPSS output for all aspects of the ANOVA and ANCOVA tests, including post-hoc tests and simple effects (requires syntax!).

You should be able to calculate or determine a value for:

Factorial ANOVA; simple effects for any factorial design (i.e., Between-subject, Within-subjects ANOVA; Mixed design ANOVA); ANCOVA, including testing homogeneity-of-slopes assumption, post-hoc tests on adjusted means.

You should be able to write an APA style results section for the designs discussed above, including a few sentences to describe background information and the design for context.

Exam structure will be similar to the midterm (with a closed-book portion and then an open-book/notes portion)